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Solar Photovoltaics in Severe Weather: Cost Considerations for Storm Hardening PV Systems for Resilience
Solar photovoltaic (PV) power has many advantages as a resilient power source, including the ability to provide power after a natural disaster. While solar arrays often survive severe weather events, systems are occasionally compromised and left unable to provide power. For PV sy...
Elsworth, J. and Van Geet, O. NLR
May 31, 2020
Maximizing Solar and Transportation Synergies
This report considers the technological and market pathways that will enable better use of photovoltaic (PV) electricity as fuel for future transportation demand. Most of the pathways identified will require collaborative research and development (RandD) efforts to improve the cap...
Ardani, K. et al NLR
Aug 31, 2021
An Updated Review of the Solar PV Installation Workforce Literature
NREL literature review synthesizing research on the U.S. PV installation workforce, including job trends, skills and training needs, productivity and safety practices, and barriers to entry and advancement. The review assesses evidence on wages, job quality, and diversity and high...
Gadzanku, S. et al NLR
Mar 31, 2023
U.S. Solar Photovoltaic System and Energy Storage Cost Benchmark: Q1 2020
NREL's cost benchmark report documents installed costs for solar PV and PV-plus-storage systems as of the first quarter of 2020. It uses a bottom-up methodology that captures variation in system design, regional labor rates and soft costs. The report shows that the cost of residen...
Feldman, D. et al NLR
Dec 31, 2020
Managing and Mitigating Solar PV Corrosion
This document, developed by NARUC and the National Association of State Energy Officials (NASEO), advises state energy offices and public utility commissions on the role of clean energy microgrids. It discusses policy considerations, regulatory frameworks, funding mechanisms, and ...
Program, M. U.S. Department of Energy
Dec 31, 2025
Solar Photovoltaic Hardening for Resilience – Wildfire
This content explores the regions in the United States facing the highest wildfire risks and provides an overview of the diverse strategies available to photovoltaic (PV) system professionals, including designers, installers, owners, and operators, to effectively manage this risk....
Program, M. U.S. Department of Energy
Mar 30, 2026
Impacts of Dispatch Strategies and Forecast Errors on the Economics of Behind-the-Meter PV-Battery Systems
To assess the economic value of batteries in hybrid PV-battery systems, one must create a dispatch profile for the battery. Many analyses of battery value assume perfect forecasts of PV generation and load, determining an upper limit on the value of the battery. Prior work that ac...
Mirletz, B. and Laws, N. NLR
Dec 31, 2022
Roadmap for Photovoltaic Cyber Security
Cyber-secure, resilient energy is paramount to the prosperity of the United States. As the experience and sophistication of cyber adversaries grow, so too must the US power system’s defenses, situational awareness, and response and recovery strategies. Traditionally, power syste...
Johnson, J. Sandia National Laboratories
Nov 30, 2017
NREL and SDGandE Collaboration to Support SDGandE Grid and Storage Efforts: Cooperative Research and Development Final Report, CRADA Number: CRD-14-562
This project will enable effective utilization of high penetration of photovoltaics (PV) in islanded microgrids, increasing overall system efficiency, decreased fuel costs and resiliency of the overall system to help meet the SunShot goals of enhancing system integration methods t...
Baggu, M. NLR
Dec 31, 2016
U.S. Solar Photovoltaic BESS System Cost Benchmark Q1 2020 Report (Data File)
NREL has been modeling U.S. solar photovoltaic (PV) system costs since 2009. This year, our report benchmarks costs of U.S. PV for residential, commercial, and utility-scale systems, with and without storage, built in the first quarter of 2020 (Q1 2020). The methodology includes b...
Feldman, D. et al NLR
Jan 20, 2025
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