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Blockchain-Enabled Cyber-Secure Microgrid Control Using Consensus Algorithm
This paper proposes a distributed control method based on a consensus algorithm for distributed energy resources (DERs) using blockchain as a secure communication medium for cyber resilience. Each DER communicates with a local blockchain server that is maintained by the distribute...
Mahmud, R. and Seo, G. NLR
Dec 31, 2020
Lithium-ion Battery Storage Technical Specifications
This FEMP publication provides technical specifications to assist federal agencies in procuring lithium-ion battery energy storage systems. It outlines requirements for system capacity, safety, performance, warranties, testing, and integration with existing infrastructure. The doc...
Program, M. U.S. Department of Energy
Apr 06, 2024
SPIDERS Bi-Directional Charging Station Interconnection Testing
The Smart Power Infrastructure Demonstration for Energy Reliability and Security (SPIDERS) program is a multi-year Department of Defense-Department of Energy (DOE) collaborative effort that will demonstrate integration of renewables into island-able microgrids using on-site genera...
Simpson, M. NLR
Sep 30, 2013
DER Cybersecurity RandD
The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) conducted more than 30 assessments for utilities across the United States with a cybersecurity assessment tool based on the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Cybersecurity Capability Maturity Model (C2M2) and the National Institute of ...
Reynolds, T. and Sanghvi, A. NLR
Mar 30, 2026
Distributed Energy Resource Framework
The Distributed Energy Resource Cybersecurity Framework (DER-CF) is a guidance and assessment tool developed by NREL and industry partners to help organizations evaluate the cybersecurity posture of their distributed energy resource systems. The tool provides a structured question...
NLR
Dec 31, 2025
The Distributed Energy Resource Cybersecurity Framework
The Distributed Energy Resource Cybersecurity Framework (DER-CF) is a guidance and assessment tool developed by NREL and industry partners to help organizations evaluate the cybersecurity posture of their distributed energy resource systems. The tool provides a structured question...
NLR
Apr 30, 2022
Design of Zone-Based Hierarchical Protection System for 100% Renewable Microgrids: Preprint
Design of a reliable and secure protection system for a 100% renewable microgrid with only inverter-based resources (IBRs), is quite challenging. Most of the existing protection schemes in the state-of-the-art are suitable for microgrids with mixed-type of distributed energy resou...
Chakraborty, S. and Wang, J. NLR
May 31, 2024
The Value of Battery Storage in Military Microgrids: An Assessment for ESTCP
Fixed military installations cannot function without a reliable supply of electricity. The U.S. Department of Defense’s (DoD’s) mission is under increasing threat as the power backbone of installations faces growing risk from grid power outages, especially as outages of up to ...
Marqusee, J. et al NLR
Dec 31, 2019
Guide to the Distributed Energy Resources Cybersecurity Framework
In May 2018, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) released its Cybersecurity Strategy document, a multiyear plan specifically regarding cybersecurity in the energy sector. The framework outlined in this report aligns with strategies identified in the DOE Cybersecurity Strategy docu...
Powell, C. et al NLR
Nov 30, 2019
An Overview of Distributed Energy Resource (DER) Interconnection: Current Practices and Emerging Solutions
This guidebook provides an overview of key issues for utilities and utility regulators to consider as deployments of distributed energy resources (DER) increase, including what has been tried in the field and emerging good practices. Topics covered include: Interconnection Applica...
Horowitz, K. et al NLR
Mar 31, 2019
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