Study of Inverter Control Strategies on the Stability of Microgrids Toward 100% Renewable Penetration: Preprint
This paper investigates microgrid transient stability with mixed generation - synchronous generator (SG), grid-forming (GFM) and grid-following (GFL) inverters - under increasing penetration levels toward a 100% renewable generation microgrid. Specifically, the dynamics of a microgrid with an SG and GFL inverter(s), an SG with GFM inverter(s), and an SG with GFM and GFL inverters under each penetration are evaluated with an electromagnetic transient study with two critical dynamic events: unplanned islanding and switching in a pumped induction motor load. Analysis and simulation results indicate that the microgrid with GFL inverters running in parallel with the SG can provide a faster power response than the GFM inverters to compensate for the deviations of the frequency and voltage. The scenario with the mixed SG, GFM, and GFL inverter has the best transient and steady-state stability toward 100% inverter-based resource (IBR) penetration. This comprehensive study provides helpful references for microgrid engineers to understand the microgrid stability when facing various choice of installing IBRs (GFL, GFM, or mixed).
Citation Formats
TY - DATA
AB - This paper investigates microgrid transient stability with mixed generation - synchronous generator (SG), grid-forming (GFM) and grid-following (GFL) inverters - under increasing penetration levels toward a 100% renewable generation microgrid. Specifically, the dynamics of a microgrid with an SG and GFL inverter(s), an SG with GFM inverter(s), and an SG with GFM and GFL inverters under each penetration are evaluated with an electromagnetic transient study with two critical dynamic events: unplanned islanding and switching in a pumped induction motor load. Analysis and simulation results indicate that the microgrid with GFL inverters running in parallel with the SG can provide a faster power response than the GFM inverters to compensate for the deviations of the frequency and voltage. The scenario with the mixed SG, GFM, and GFL inverter has the best transient and steady-state stability toward 100% inverter-based resource (IBR) penetration. This comprehensive study provides helpful references for microgrid engineers to understand the microgrid stability when facing various choice of installing IBRs (GFL, GFM, or mixed).
AU - Wang, Jing
DB - C-MIX - Community Microgrid Information Exchange
DP - Open EI | National Laboratory of the Rockies
DO -
KW - Power electronics and inverters
KW - Power electronics
KW - Inverters
KW - Solar
KW - Photovoltaics
KW - PV
KW - Battery energy storage
KW - Diesel generators
KW - Other liquid-fuel generators
KW - Power plant controls
KW - SCADA
KW - Case studies
KW - Performance
KW - Standards
KW - Interconnection
KW - Protection
LA - English
DA - 2022/08/01
PY - 2022
PB - NLR
T1 - Study of Inverter Control Strategies on the Stability of Microgrids Toward 100% Renewable Penetration: Preprint
UR - https://cmix.openei.org/submissions/61
ER -
Wang, Jing. Study of Inverter Control Strategies on the Stability of Microgrids Toward 100% Renewable Penetration: Preprint. NLR, 1 August, 2022, C-MIX - Community Microgrid Information Exchange. https://cmix.openei.org/submissions/61.
Wang, J. (2022). Study of Inverter Control Strategies on the Stability of Microgrids Toward 100% Renewable Penetration: Preprint. [Data set]. C-MIX - Community Microgrid Information Exchange. NLR. https://cmix.openei.org/submissions/61
Wang, Jing. Study of Inverter Control Strategies on the Stability of Microgrids Toward 100% Renewable Penetration: Preprint. NLR, August, 1, 2022. Distributed by C-MIX - Community Microgrid Information Exchange. https://cmix.openei.org/submissions/61
@misc{CMIX_Dataset_61,
title = {Study of Inverter Control Strategies on the Stability of Microgrids Toward 100\% Renewable Penetration: Preprint},
author = {Wang, Jing},
abstractNote = {This paper investigates microgrid transient stability with mixed generation - synchronous generator (SG), grid-forming (GFM) and grid-following (GFL) inverters - under increasing penetration levels toward a 100\% renewable generation microgrid. Specifically, the dynamics of a microgrid with an SG and GFL inverter(s), an SG with GFM inverter(s), and an SG with GFM and GFL inverters under each penetration are evaluated with an electromagnetic transient study with two critical dynamic events: unplanned islanding and switching in a pumped induction motor load. Analysis and simulation results indicate that the microgrid with GFL inverters running in parallel with the SG can provide a faster power response than the GFM inverters to compensate for the deviations of the frequency and voltage. The scenario with the mixed SG, GFM, and GFL inverter has the best transient and steady-state stability toward 100\% inverter-based resource (IBR) penetration. This comprehensive study provides helpful references for microgrid engineers to understand the microgrid stability when facing various choice of installing IBRs (GFL, GFM, or mixed).},
url = {https://cmix.openei.org/submissions/61},
year = {2022},
howpublished = {C-MIX - Community Microgrid Information Exchange, NLR, https://cmix.openei.org/submissions/61},
note = {Accessed: 2026-06-20}
}
Details
Data from Aug 1, 2022
Last updated Mar 30, 2026
Submitted Jun 2, 2026
Organization
NLR
Contact
Jing Wang
Authors
