Valuing wind as a distributed energy resource: A literature review
As more distributed energy resources are deployed on electric grid systems across the world, it is important to identify, characterize, and quantify the value elements of different types of distributed energy resources so that policymakers, developers, and utilities can make informed energy deployment decisions. This paper focuses on the value of wind energy as a distributed energy resource (i.e., ?distributed wind?). Because of a lack of distributed wind-specific valuation studies, in this review we document the current state of distributed energy resource valuation, analyze a wide array of distributed energy resource valuation metastudies, and identify several value elements for which we recommend developing more robust and standardized calculation methodologies for their potential inclusion in distributed wind valuation. These value elements are ancillary services and locational, resilience, reliability, and resource diversity benefits. Furthermore, this work lays the foundation for a future comprehensive framework for distributed wind valuation studies.
Citation Formats
TY - DATA
AB - As more distributed energy resources are deployed on electric grid systems across the world, it is important to identify, characterize, and quantify the value elements of different types of distributed energy resources so that policymakers, developers, and utilities can make informed energy deployment decisions. This paper focuses on the value of wind energy as a distributed energy resource (i.e., “distributed wind”). Because of a lack of distributed wind-specific valuation studies, in this review we document the current state of distributed energy resource valuation, analyze a wide array of distributed energy resource valuation metastudies, and identify several value elements for which we recommend developing more robust and standardized calculation methodologies for their potential inclusion in distributed wind valuation. These value elements are ancillary services and locational, resilience, reliability, and resource diversity benefits. Furthermore, this work lays the foundation for a future comprehensive framework for distributed wind valuation studies.
AU - Barrows, Sarah
A2 - Homer, Juliet S
A3 - Orrell, Alice C.
DB - C-MIX - Community Microgrid Information Exchange
DP - Open EI | National Laboratory of the Rockies
DO -
KW - Wind energy
KW - Battery energy storage
KW - Solar
KW - Photovoltaics
KW - PV
KW - Diesel generators
KW - Other liquid-fuel generators
KW - Resilience
KW - Extreme weather
KW - Standards
KW - Interconnection
KW - Protection
KW - Utility integration
KW - Bulk-system Integration
KW - Local energy resources (LER)
LA - English
DA - 2021/12/01
PY - 2021
PB - Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
T1 - Valuing wind as a distributed energy resource: A literature review
UR - https://cmix.openei.org/submissions/141
ER -
Barrows, Sarah, et al. Valuing wind as a distributed energy resource: A literature review. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 1 December, 2021, C-MIX - Community Microgrid Information Exchange. https://cmix.openei.org/submissions/141.
Barrows, S., Homer, J., & Orrell, A. (2021). Valuing wind as a distributed energy resource: A literature review. [Data set]. C-MIX - Community Microgrid Information Exchange. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. https://cmix.openei.org/submissions/141
Barrows, Sarah, Juliet S Homer, and Alice C. Orrell. Valuing wind as a distributed energy resource: A literature review. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, December, 1, 2021. Distributed by C-MIX - Community Microgrid Information Exchange. https://cmix.openei.org/submissions/141
@misc{CMIX_Dataset_141,
title = {Valuing wind as a distributed energy resource: A literature review},
author = {Barrows, Sarah and Homer, Juliet S and Orrell, Alice C.},
abstractNote = {As more distributed energy resources are deployed on electric grid systems across the world, it is important to identify, characterize, and quantify the value elements of different types of distributed energy resources so that policymakers, developers, and utilities can make informed energy deployment decisions. This paper focuses on the value of wind energy as a distributed energy resource (i.e., ?distributed wind?). Because of a lack of distributed wind-specific valuation studies, in this review we document the current state of distributed energy resource valuation, analyze a wide array of distributed energy resource valuation metastudies, and identify several value elements for which we recommend developing more robust and standardized calculation methodologies for their potential inclusion in distributed wind valuation. These value elements are ancillary services and locational, resilience, reliability, and resource diversity benefits. Furthermore, this work lays the foundation for a future comprehensive framework for distributed wind valuation studies.},
url = {https://cmix.openei.org/submissions/141},
year = {2021},
howpublished = {C-MIX - Community Microgrid Information Exchange, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, https://cmix.openei.org/submissions/141},
note = {Accessed: 2026-08-06}
}
Details
Data from Dec 1, 2021
Last updated Mar 30, 2026
Submitted Jun 2, 2026
Organization
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Contact
Sarah Barrows
Authors
