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Dispatching Grid-Forming Inverters in Grid-Connected and Islanded Mode
This paper explores the dispatchability of grid-forming (GFM) inverters in grid-connected and islanded mode. GFM inverters usually use droop control to automatically share power with other GFM sources (inverters and synchronous generators) and follow the change in the load demand;...
Wang, J. et al NLR
Dec 31, 2023
Integration of Inverter-Based Resources Into Microgrids
AVEC presentation summarizing village-scale projects integrating batteries and inverter-based resources with diesel generation and, in some cases, wind and solar. The presentation covers design approaches for diesel-off operation (grid-forming inverters, system controller integrat...
Shirazi, M.
Oct 01, 2024
Cybersecurity Considerations for Distributed Energy Resources on the U.S. Electric Grid
Summarizes DER cyber trends and risks and recommends risk-informed practices such as zero-trust architectures, secure interfaces, multi-factor authentication, and standardized testing. Includes appendices on grid support functions and threat scenarios to ground planning and procur...
, . U.S. Department of Energy
Mar 30, 2026
The Distributed Energy Resource Risk Manager
The Distributed Energy Resource Risk Manager is an assessment and mitigation framework developed by NREL to help organizations identify and manage risks across the lifecycle of DER projects. The tool addresses technical, operational, financial, and cybersecurity risks through a se...
NLR
Jul 31, 2022
Cyber Security Primer for DER Vendors, Aggregators, and Grid Operators
This report provides an introduction to cyber security for distributed energy resources (DER)—such as photovoltaic (PV) inverters and energy storage systems (ESS). This material is motivated by the need to assist DER vendors, aggregators, grid operators, and broader PV industry ...
Carter, C. et al Sandia National Laboratories
Jul 31, 2017
An Overview of Distributed Energy Resource (DER) Interconnection: Current Practices and Emerging Solutions
This guidebook provides an overview of key issues for utilities and utility regulators to consider as deployments of distributed energy resources (DER) increase, including what has been tried in the field and emerging good practices. Topics covered include: Interconnection Applica...
Horowitz, K. et al NLR
Mar 31, 2019
P2030.7 Standard for the Specification of Microgrid Controllers
IEEE P2030.7 is a standard that specifies functional and performance requirements for microgrid controllers. It details the capabilities necessary for controllers to manage microgrid operations, including islanding and reconnection, power quality management, load and resource coor...
IEEE Standards Association
Dec 31, 2024
Microgrid Controller Survey Report: 2024 Update
In the past decade, the number of microgrids deployed by electric utilities, end-use customers, and third parties has been increasing significantly both in the US and worldwide. The increase is driven by various reasons, such as carbon emission reduction, energy efficiency improve...
Liu, G. and Starke, M. Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Mar 31, 2024
Evaluation of Multi-Inverter Anti-Islanding With Grid Support and Ride-Through and Investigation of Island Detection Alternatives
The report, Evaluation of Multi-Inverter Anti-Islanding With Grid Support and Ride-Through and Investigation of Island Detection Alternatives, documents results from a set of laboratory simulations and experiments. This report documents results from a set of laboratory simulations...
Ropp, M. et al Sandia National Laboratories
Dec 31, 2018
Microgrid and Integrated Microgrid Systems Program
This program report from the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Electricity summarizes initiatives aimed at advancing microgrids and integrated microgrid systems. It describes program goals, funded projects, research areas, and partnerships. The program seeks to develop technol...
U.S. Department of Energy
Dec 31, 2021
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