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Design of a Non-PLL Grid-Forming Inverter for Smooth Microgrid Transition Operation
This paper develops a controller for a grid-forming (GFM) inverter that is capable of operating as either a GFM or grid-feeding source that can improve the operation of a microgrid during on-off grid transitions through use of a novel synchronization approach. Furthermore, this co...
Wang, J. et al NLR
Aug 01, 2020
A Novel Power-Hardware-in-the-Loop Interface Method for Grid-Forming Inverter Systems
Power-hardware-in-the-loop (PHIL) simulations of grid-forming (GFM) inverter systems facilitate the testing of drastic scenarios, such as on-grid to off-grid transitions and islanded microgrid operations without a stiff grid. To the authors' best knowledge, most studies in the lit...
Chakraborty, S. et al University of Minnesota
Dec 31, 2021
Cyber Security Primer for DER Vendors, Aggregators, and Grid Operators
This report provides an introduction to cyber security for distributed energy resources (DER)—such as photovoltaic (PV) inverters and energy storage systems (ESS). This material is motivated by the need to assist DER vendors, aggregators, grid operators, and broader PV industry ...
Carter, C. et al Sandia National Laboratories
Jul 31, 2017
Cybersecurity Certification Standard for Distributed Energy and Inverter-Based Resources
NREL and UL co-presented on their joint effort to develop a cybersecurity certification standard for distributed energy resources (DERs) at a meeting of the Cybersecurity Advisory Team for State Solar (CATSS). The advisory team is hosted by NASEO and NARUC. The presentation outlin...
Saleem, D. and Slowinske, M. NLR
Jan 23, 2022
Creation of a Synthetic Rural Alaskan Microgrid Model
Describes the development of a synthetic benchmark power-system model representing a rural Alaskan island microgrid while avoiding disclosure of confidential critical-infrastructure data. Summarizes the methodology used to create the synthetic grid and evaluates performance throug...
Francisco, A. University of Alaska Fairbanks
Sep 03, 2025
Prevention of Unintentional Islands in Power Systems with Distributed Resources
This resource examines the phenomenon of unintentional islanding when a portion of the grid continues to be energized by distributed energy resources during a larger outage. It describes potential risks to safety and equipment, reviews existing standards and detection methods, and...
Kroposki, B. NLR
Aug 23, 2016
Generic Microgrid Controller Specifications
Developed by the Advanced Power and Energy Program for the U.S. Department of Energy, this document provides generic specifications for microgrid controllers. It delineates required and optional functions across four modes of operation: grid-connected, islanded, transition, and su...
Razeghi, G. et al U.S. Department of Energy
Sep 30, 2016
A Primer on the Unintentional Islanding Protection Requirement in IEEE Std 1547-2018
This primer provides an accessible explanation of the unintentional islanding protection provisions in IEEE Std 1547-2018. It describes why preventing unintentional islanding is critical, outlines testing and detection methods, and clarifies performance requirements for distribute...
Narang, D. et al NLR
Mar 31, 2022
New Approaches to Distributed PV Interconnection: Implementation Considerations for Addressing Emerging Issues
This report discusses innovative approaches to distributed photovoltaic (PV) interconnection aimed at addressing emerging issues such as high penetrations, rapid interconnection requests, and evolving standards. It examines options like hosting capacity analysis, flexible intercon...
McAllister, R. et al Western Interstate Energy Board
Jan 31, 2019
Use of Traveling Wave Signatures in Medium-Voltage Distribution Systems for Fault Detection and Location
Protection systems are a critical feature for the proper operation of a power grid. Protection systems should be able to quickly detect, identify, locate, and isolate the faults within a time frame that prevents damage to grid components and reduces customer outages. As more inver...
Prabakar, K. et al NLR
Jul 31, 2021
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