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NIST Framework and Roadmap for Smart Grid Interoperability Standards, Release 4.0
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) developed this framework and roadmap to coordinate the development of interoperable standards for the smart grid. Release 4.0 updates previous editions by identifying key standards, gaps, and priorities across domains such ...
Gopstein, A. et al U.S. Department of Commerce
Jan 31, 2021
GMLC Survey of Distributed Energy Resource Interconnection and Interoperability Standards
This document reports on the Grid Modernization Laboratory Consortium effort to identify gaps in standards for the interconnection and interoperability of distributed energy resources (DERs). The project extended a 3-year period from 2017 to 2019. Under the work plan, the team ide...
Narang, D. et al NLR
Feb 28, 2021
Cybersecurity in Photovoltaic Plant Operations
This paper provides practical information for PV plant operators regarding cybersecurity. Plans to integrate photovoltaic generation into utility systems requires that cybersecurity be considered in every aspect from customer data to business information to plant monitoring and co...
Walker, A. et al NLR
Feb 28, 2021
Cyber Security for Distributed Energy Resources and DER Aggregators
Condenses key practices for securing grid‑edge assets: governance processes, device hardening, communications security, monitoring, and incident response. Oriented to utilities and developers translating standards into project‑level controls.
North American Electric Reliability Corporation
Nov 30, 2022
The Distributed Energy Resource Risk Manager
The Distributed Energy Resource Risk Manager is an assessment and mitigation framework developed by NREL to help organizations identify and manage risks across the lifecycle of DER projects. The tool addresses technical, operational, financial, and cybersecurity risks through a se...
NLR
Jul 31, 2022
Roadmap for Distributed Energy Resource Cyber Security
The Roadmap for Distributed Energy Resource Cyber Security presents a strategic plan for enhancing cybersecurity across the DER ecosystem. Developed by researchers and industry stakeholders, the roadmap identifies key risks associated with DER integration, outlines technical and o...
Johnson, J. Sandia National Laboratories
Dec 31, 2017
DER Cybersecurity RandD
The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) conducted more than 30 assessments for utilities across the United States with a cybersecurity assessment tool based on the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Cybersecurity Capability Maturity Model (C2M2) and the National Institute of ...
Reynolds, T. and Sanghvi, A. NLR
Mar 30, 2026
A Guide to Updating Interconnection Rules and Incorporating IEEE Std 1547-2018
This NREL resource provides a roadmap for revising interconnection rules and standards to incorporate the provisions of IEEE Std 1547-2018. It discusses key changes in the standard including ride-through, reactive power control, and communications and offers recommendations for up...
Ingram, M. et al NLR
Sep 30, 2021
The Advanced Microgrid: Integration and Interoperability
Produced by Sandia National Laboratories, this paper examines the concept of the advanced microgrid and the need for integration and interoperability across hardware, software, and communications interfaces. It discusses the evolution from traditional islanded microgrids to system...
Bower, W. et al Sandia National Laboratories
Feb 28, 2014
An Overview of Distributed Energy Resource (DER) Interconnection: Current Practices and Emerging Solutions
This guidebook provides an overview of key issues for utilities and utility regulators to consider as deployments of distributed energy resources (DER) increase, including what has been tried in the field and emerging good practices. Topics covered include: Interconnection Applica...
Horowitz, K. et al NLR
Mar 31, 2019
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