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New Approaches to Distributed PV Interconnection: Implementation Considerations for Addressing Emerging Issues
This report discusses innovative approaches to distributed photovoltaic (PV) interconnection aimed at addressing emerging issues such as high penetrations, rapid interconnection requests, and evolving standards. It examines options like hosting capacity analysis, flexible intercon...
McAllister, R. et al Western Interstate Energy Board
Jan 31, 2019
High-Penetration Photovoltaic Integration Handbook for Distribution Engineers
This handbook, produced by NREL, offers practical guidance for distribution engineers facing high penetration of photovoltaic (PV) systems on their networks. It addresses technical challenges such as voltage regulation, protection coordination, reverse power flow, and transformer ...
Seguin, R. et al NLR
Dec 31, 2015
Resilience and Economics of Microgrids with PV, Battery Storage, and Networked Diesel Generators
Current designs and assessments of microgrids have ignored component reliability, leading to significant errors in predicting a microgrid's performance while islanded. Existing life cycle cost studies on hybrid microgrids—which combine photovoltaics (PV), battery storage and net...
Marqusee, J. et al NLR
Dec 31, 2020
Clean Energy Microgrids: Considerations for State Energy Offices and Public Utility Commissions to Increase Resilience, Reduce Emissions, and Improve Affordability
This FEMP guide outlines techniques to mitigate hail damage to solar PV installations. It covers risk assessment, module selection with hail-resistant ratings, array tilt considerations, mounting structures, protective covers, and insurance considerations. The resource aims to hel...
National Association of Regulatory Utility Commissioners and National Association of State Energy Officials
Apr 30, 2023
Use of Traveling Wave Signatures in Medium-Voltage Distribution Systems for Fault Detection and Location
Protection systems are a critical feature for the proper operation of a power grid. Protection systems should be able to quickly detect, identify, locate, and isolate the faults within a time frame that prevents damage to grid components and reduces customer outages. As more inver...
Prabakar, K. et al NLR
Jul 31, 2021
Cyber Security Assessment of Distributed Energy Resources
New distributed energy resource (DER) interconnection standards require communications and interoperability to provide grid operators greater flexibility for delivering voltage and frequency support. These communication channels are designed to allow utilities, aggregators, and ot...
Carter, C. et al Sandia National Laboratories
May 31, 2017
Cyber Security Primer for DER Vendors, Aggregators, and Grid Operators
This report provides an introduction to cyber security for distributed energy resources (DER)—such as photovoltaic (PV) inverters and energy storage systems (ESS). This material is motivated by the need to assist DER vendors, aggregators, grid operators, and broader PV industry ...
Carter, C. et al Sandia National Laboratories
Jul 31, 2017
IEEE 1547 Interconnection Standard: Enabler of Technical Innovation and End-User Benefit Day 1
This workshop will introduce the IEEE 1547-2018 Standard for Interconnection and Interoperability of Distributed Energy Resources (DER) with Electric Power Systems and will provide an overview of the 1547-2018 standard. This workshop will also put IEEE 1547 in the context of other...
Shirazi, M. University of Alaska Fairbanks
May 12, 2025
Cybersecurity Certification Recommendations for Interconnected Grid Edge Devices and Inverter Based Resources
Escalating deployment of PV and grid-edge devices on the distribution grid has increased the sustainability and efficiency of the electric grid. However, the increasing number of distributed energy resources (DERs) deployed creates a heightened cyber-physical interdependency on th...
Hupp, W. et al NLR
Oct 31, 2021
A Comparative Study of DC and AC Microgrids in Commercial Buildings Across Different Climates and Operating Profiles: Preprint
Bosch has developed and demonstrated a novel DC microgrid system designed to maximize utilization efficiency for locally generated photovoltaic energy while offering high reliability, safety, redundancy, and reduced cost compared to equivalent AC systems. Several demonstration pro...
Fregosi, D. et al Robert Bosch LLC
Mar 31, 2015
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