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Development of a Practical Secondary Control for Hardware Microgrids
Practical, vendor-agnostic interoperability guidelines for the secondary control architecture of microgrids (MGs) with multiple grid-forming (GFM) inverter-based resources (IBRs) have not yet been developed. Therefore, this paper proposes a generic and vendor-agnostic secondary co...
Chakraborty, S. et al NLR
Dec 31, 2024
Implementation of Advanced Grid Support Functionalities by Smart Operation of Residential Loads with low Cost Converter Interface
This paper investigates a grid-supportive load concept for small-scale residential appliances, focusing on a residential refrigerator. Power consumption is adjusted based on grid conditions to achieve IEEE-1547 grid support functions. Two key aspects are presented: a low-cost refr...
Roy Chowdhury, V. et al NLR
Dec 31, 2023
Performance Evaluation of Peer-to-Peer Distributed Microgrids Coordination for Voltage Regulation
This paper presents the performance evaluation of a peer-to-peer microgrids coordination algorithm for sub-transmission systems. As distributed energy resources (DERs) in distribution system start to show negative impact to the bulk power system, a paradigm shift is needed for tra...
Gan, H. et al NLR
Dec 31, 2021
Inverter Controls for Smooth Transition Operation and Voltage Balancing of Networked Microgrids
With increasing penetrations of distributed energy resources (DERs), researchers have extensively studied the formation and networking of microgrids to improve reliability during distribution system outages. However, these operations might require DERs in the microgrids to switch...
Sawant, J. et al NLR
Dec 31, 2022
Renewable Energy Integration in Remote Alaska Communities
NREL technical report examining renewable energy integration pathways in remote Alaska, with attention to microgrids serving community and health facilities. Topics include resource assessments, hybrid diesel, renewable configurations, storage, controls, and operational strategies...
Meadows, R. et al NLR
Jan 01, 2025
Circulating Current Reduction of Back-to-Back MMC with Advanced Grid-Support Functionalities for Medium-Voltage Applications
A Lyapunov energy function based circulating current reduction scheme for a back to back modular multilevel converter based system for a microgrid application has been proposed in this digest. In order to ensure no circulating or zero sequence currents within the modules, the dyn...
Roy Chowdhury, V. et al NLR
Dec 31, 2022
Dispatching Grid-Forming Inverters in Grid-Connected and Islanded Mode
This paper explores the dispatchability of grid-forming (GFM) inverters in grid-connected and islanded mode. GFM inverters usually use droop control to automatically share power with other GFM sources (inverters and synchronous generators) and follow the change in the load demand;...
Wang, J. et al NLR
Dec 31, 2023
NREL Topic 1 Final Report: Cohesive Application of Standards-Based Connected Devices to Enable Clean Energy Technologies
This document is the final report of a two-year development, test, and demonstration project entitled “Cohesive Application of Standards-Based Connected Devices to Enable Clean Energy Technologies”. The project was part of NREL’s (NREL) Integrated Network Test-bed for Energ...
Hudgins, A. et al NLR
Jan 31, 2018
Cyber Security for Distributed Energy Resources and DER Aggregators
Condenses key practices for securing grid‑edge assets: governance processes, device hardening, communications security, monitoring, and incident response. Oriented to utilities and developers translating standards into project‑level controls.
North American Electric Reliability Corporation
Nov 30, 2022
Geothermal Heat Pump System Technical Specifications
This FEMP document specifies technical requirements for geothermal heat pump (GHP) systems used in federal buildings. It covers system sizing, efficiency ratings, refrigerants, controls, ground loop design, installation practices, and commissioning procedures. The specifications h...
Program, M. U.S. Department of Energy
Jul 07, 2025
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